Особливості перекладу італійських топонімів українською мовою

Анотація

У статті досліджено прийоми утворення італійських топонімів з урахуванням їх дотичності до ментальної, культурної, історичної, антропологічної, ціннісної тощо площин. Розглянуто можливі способи перекладу італійських топонімів українською мовою, визначені проблеми, пов’язані з типологічними міжмовними відмінностями, що  стосуються різних мовних систем, до яких належать українська та італійська мови, запропоновано шляхи передачі італійських фонем ресурсами української мови.

This article systematizes the methods and problems of translating Italian toponyms into the Ukrainian language. It was determined that toponyms can be reproduced in different languages, basing on certain similarities in the sounds or graphics. It’s appropriate to convey sound similarities by transcription or reproducing the sound form by using letters. Graphic similarities should be transliterated by letters. It’s possible to apply the method of modification, which adapts the toponym to the grammatical system of the translation language. There are cases of using of the traditional name when it comes to historical traditions and the international importance of the place-name. It’s appropriate to reproduce Italian toponyms (oikonyms) by transcoding, using transcription, which will provide the adequate perception of toponyms. The resources of the Ukrainian language fully allow transmitting the  sounds of Italian toponyms. Some geographical names of Italian cities and regions are translated according to agreed tradition. For example, Firenze – Флопенція, Napoli – Неаполь, Roma – Рим, Sicilia – Сицилія, Sardegna – Сардинія, Puglia – Апулія.

The article also identifies the features of the formation and use of Italian place-names. It’s revealed that toponyms are at the crossroads of history, culture and language. Within translation studies, toponyms should be analyzed taking into account the significations they convey. Toponyms can be important evidence about the type of settlement or the presence of  certain animals or plants in certain territory. Toponyms can also indicate historical events and social changes in a particular area. The article determines that Italian toponyms take origin from the pre-Latin language and testify to the influences of the Celtic language in  northern Italy and the Greek language caused by the colonization in southern Italy, Sicily and parts of Sardinia. Toponyms document the influences of different peoples who came to Italy and were present on its territory. The naming of geographical objects, like any other reality, is due to the ability to read the linguistic nominative code. When giving a name, a person belonging to a certain language community will refer to the words and traditions of his native language.