Поезія П. Антокольского 1910-х – 1920-х рр. в контексті творчості О. Блока

Анотація

У статті досліджено вплив поезії Олександра Блока на ранню лірику Павла Григоровича Антокольського. Вперше досліджено раніше невідому ранню лірику поета, що дозволило уточнити періодизацію його творчості та виділити у ній період «учнівства», що припав на 1910-і роки. Доведено, що поетика ранньої лірики П. Антокольського, її тематика та образність зумовлені впливом символізму, перш за все, творчістю О. Блока і багато поетичних рішень поета є наслідуванням, в якому експлуатуються різноманітні засоби виразності й клішовані образи.

Pavel Antokolsky’s took his first steps in poetry when literary life in Petersburg and Moscow was raging: new poetic circles were formed and new bright personalities appeared. The poems composed by Alexander Block, an older generation poet, were the object of general admiration. But young talents, almost of the same age as Antokolsky, such as Akhmatova, Pasternak, Mandelstam, Tsvetaeva, Mayakovsky, Yesenin, etc. represented themselves as strong, bright personalities, confident poets and competed on equal terms with the previous literary generation. However, despite his bright talent, the young poet did not consider his early works worth publishing. Many of them remained unknown until 2010 when the book «Daleko eto bylo gde-to…» («It was somewhere far away… ») was published. This book appeared as a result of exploring the poet’s archive by his descendants Andrew Toom, professor at Pernambuco State University (Brazil) and Anna Toom, professor at Touro International University (USA).

Antokolskiy’s poetry has always been researched in the context of the Soviet poetry and it has been also believed that 1920s was the time when he started his career in literature. The researchers such as L. Anninsky, T. Beck, I. Grinberg, R. Igoshina, T. Letapurs, K. Nikitina, L. Ozerov, D. Reznikov, A. Tarasenkov, etc. also investigated the poetry by P. Antokolskiy in this context.

However, the early poems of P. Antokolsky, which were published only in 2010, enable to clarify the periodization of his creative work and to distinguish the period of «apprenticeship» that took place in the 1910s.

Antokolsky established himself as a poet in the Silver Age of the Russian poetry and at first was fascinated with symbolism, futurism and acmeism.

The theme and images of P. Antokolsky's early lyrics are influenced by symbolism and above all, by O. Block's creative work. Referring to the experience of O. Block was due to the crisis of symbolism and many poetic decisions of P. Antokolsky present the imitation, which exploits various means of expression and clichéd images: mysteries, disbelief, disappointment, search for ways, functions of the poet and poetry; poetic images of the cup, blue ships, the Balaganchik and his characters, the Stranger, Her, the Therem, the steady threshold, the blue river, etc. The publication of P. Antokolsky's unknown works is an important step in creating a holistic view of his poetry and its origin, features and evolution of its development and, ultimately, the place of his creative work in the history of literature.